ukadaulo wa Ingiant | Makampani atsopano | Epulo 22, 2025
1. Chiyambi
Ma waya ozungulira ndi zida zozungulira mawaya zomwe zimapereka mphamvu, mphamvu yowongolera kapena zizindikiro zowongolera zida zazikulu zoyendera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zambiri zoyendera m'magawo a madoko, madoko, mapulojekiti osamalira madzi ndi zitsulo, monga ma gantry crane, ma tower crane, ma portal crane, ma quay crane, makina ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zambiri (bucket wheel stacker reclaimers), ma hydropower station dam top gantry crane ndi magalimoto amagetsi, magetsi ndi phokoso, ndi zina zotero.
2. Fomu ya malonda
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mphamvu, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa: mtundu wamanja, mtundu wotsutsana, mtundu wa elastic, mtundu wa mota wa torque, mtundu wa hysteresis, mtundu wa kutumizira ma frequency osinthasintha, mtundu wa hydraulic coupling, ndi mtundu wa maginito coupling.
Malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zozungulira, zingagawidwe m'magulu awa: chingwe chozungulira, payipi yozungulira (cholumikizira ndi mpweya, madzi), chingwe chozungulira chozungulira.
Ma reel a chingwe amagawidwa m'magulu awiri a axial single row ndi axial multi-row malinga ndi momwe chingwecho chimakhalira.
Ma reel a chingwe amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri malinga ndi malo a mphete yosonkhanitsira: mphete yamkati yamkati ndi mphete yakunja yakunja.
3. Mfundo za kapangidwe
3.1 Mafotokozedwe a chingwe ndi mitundu yake
1) Chingwe chakunja kwa m'mimba mwake, chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa axial kwa chozungulira.
2) Chingwe chooneka ngati chozungulira kapena chosalala. Chingwe chosalala chingakulungidwe mu mzere umodzi wokha.
3) Kulemera kwa chingwe (kg/m2) ndi kutalika kwake zimakhudza kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya chogwirira. Kulemera ndi kutalika kwa chogwirira kukakhala kwakukulu, kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya chogwirira kumakwera.
4) Utali wopindika wa chingwe umakhudza mainchesi ochepa a chogwirira. Ngati mainchesi a chogwirira ali ocheperapo kuposa utali wopindika wa chingwe, chingwecho chidzawonongeka.
5) Chiwerengero cha ma cores a chingwe chimakhudza chiwerengero cha mphete zosonkhanitsira zosonkhanitsa.
6) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimakhudza kutenthetsa ndi kukula kwa mphete yosonkhanitsira. Mtundu wa elastic ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zosakwana 500V zokha.
3.2. Utali wa kuzunguliza
Zimakhudza kukula kwa radial ndi kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya reel. Kutalika kwake kukakhala kotalika, kufunikira kwa mphamvu kumakhala kwakukulu.
3.3. Liwiro la kayendedwe ka zida
Zimakhudza mphamvu ya injini ndi chiŵerengero cha ma transmission cha chogwirira cha chingwe chamagetsi. Ngati liwiro la kayendedwe ka chipangizocho lapitirira mamita 60 pa mphindi, mtundu wowongolera ma frequency osinthasintha uyenera kusankhidwa.
3.4. Kutalika kwa kuyika zida
Kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa kukakhala kwakukulu, mphamvu zimafunika kwambiri.
3.5. Njira yozungulira
Chithunzi cha njira yozungulira
3.6. Zinthu zina
1) Zipangizo zozungulira: chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 316.
2) Mulingo woteteza: IP55, IP56, IP65
3) Chitsogozo cha chingwe: ngati chitsogozo chikufunika, ngati chitsogozocho chikufunika ntchito yoteteza kupsinjika
4) Chitsogozo cha chingwe: ngati chitsogozo cha chingwe chikufunika
5) Njira yoperekera magetsi: magetsi apakati/endpoint, ndi zina zotero.
Chithunzi Choyika cha chimango chotsogolera
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma reel osiyanasiyana a chingwe
4.1. Chozungulira cha chingwe chopinga
Ndi chipangizo chamakina chomwe chimazungulira chingwecho chokha pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yosungira mphamvu pamene kulemera kwakwezedwa. Chingwecho chikachotsedwa, chozungulira cha chingwe chimayendetsedwa kuti chizungulire, motero chimayendetsa chozungulira cha chingwe cha waya cholumikizidwa ndi chozungulira cha chingwe kuti chizungulire, kuti chikweze kulemera ndikusunga mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Chozungulira chikazungulira chingwe, kulemera kumatsika kuti kutulutse mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Pansi pa mphamvu ya chingwe cha waya, chozungulira cha chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi chozungulira cha chingwe cha waya chimayendetsedwa kuti chizungulire ndikuzungulira chingwecho motsatizana.
Ubwino: kapangidwe kosavuta, magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso odalirika, kuyika ndi kukonza kosavuta, komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito.
Zoyipa: kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumachepetsedwa ndi kuyenda, ngati pakufunika kuyenda kwakukulu, kuyenera kusiyidwa ndi malo okwanira oikira.
Ntchito yake ndi monga: ma crane a gantry okhala ndi zingwe zazikulu zoyenda pang'ono kuposa 35mm², magalimoto a ladle, magalimoto achitsulo chosungunuka, magalimoto a slag pan m'ma workshop opangira zitsulo ndi zida zina. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera malo omangira zingwe ndi malo apakati.
4.2. Chozungulira cha chingwe chamtundu wa Spring
Ndi chipangizo chamakina chomwe chimazungulira chingwe chokha pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yosungira mphamvu potulutsa kasupe wa chingwe. Chingwecho chikatulutsidwa, chozunguliracho chimazungulira kuti chimange kasupe wozungulira ndikusunga mphamvu; chozunguliracho chikabwerera, chozunguliracho chimazungulira chingwecho chokha.
Ubwino: magwiridwe antchito abwino ogwirizanitsa, kupsinjika pang'ono kwa chingwe, mtengo wotsika.
Zoyipa: Chifukwa cha moyo wochepa wa kasupe weniweniwo, moyo wa ntchito ya mtundu uwu wa reel ndi waufupi ndipo umachepetsedwa ndi stroke.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Kuzungulira chingwe chopingasa komanso choyimirira cha zingwe zamagetsi ndi zingwe zowongolera zosakwana 35mm², monga kukweza makapu opopera amagetsi, zogwirira, magalimoto amagetsi ndi zida zina ndi zinthu zina zofanana zogwirira ntchito. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera kumalekezero a chingwe ndi malo apakati.
4.3. Chozungulira cha chingwe cholumikizira maginito
Ukadaulo waukulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha maginito chokhazikika ngati njira yosinthira yolumikizirana. Njira yolumikizira chingwe ndi yakuti mphamvu imayendetsa cholumikizira kuti chizungulire chingwe kudzera mu cholumikizira cha maginito chokhazikika. Cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira nthawi zonse zimatsetsereka mosiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti liwiro la cholumikizira chingwe ndi lofanana ndi liwiro losuntha la zida. Mwa kusintha mphamvu yotulutsa ya cholumikizira cha maginito chokhazikika, mphamvu ya chingwe ikhoza kusinthidwa mkati mwa mtunda winawake. Njira yotulutsira chingwe imachitika kudzera mu chipangizo cha clutch cha njira imodzi, ndipo mphamvuyo singatumizidwe ku cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya chingwe, cholumikizira chimagonjetsa hysteresis ya chipangizo chotulutsira chingwe ndikutulutsa chingwe molumikizana.
Ubwino: ukadaulo wokhwima komanso magwiridwe antchito okwera mtengo. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka reel ndi zida zoyendera ndi kokhazikika komanso kodalirika. Ukadaulo wokhazikika wa maginito umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo lomaliza la makina otumizira, ndi liwiro lotsika komanso palibe kutentha; chingwe chikalowetsedwa ndikutulutsidwa, mphamvu ya chingwe imatha kusinthidwa kuti iteteze chingwe.
Zoyipa: phokoso lalikulu.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: zingwe zokhala ndi zofunikira zosakwana 35mm², monga magalimoto amagetsi, ma trolley, ma tower cranes, ma bridge kapena gantry cranes, ma stacker ndi ma reclaimers ndi zida zina ndi zina zofanana zogwirira ntchito. Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chingwe ndi pakati.
4.4. Cholumikizira cha maginito chowongolera chingwe
Mfundo ya chozungulira cha chingwe ichi ndi yofanana ndi yomwe ili pamwambapa. Mota ya disc kapena brake ingasankhidwe malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito. Njira yowongolera magetsi ya chozungulira ndi yakuti mota yozungulira chingwe igwire ntchito ndipo mota yotulutsa chingwe imazimitsidwa.
Ubwino: kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kakang'ono, kakang'ono, kosavuta kuyika.
Zoyipa: phokoso lalikulu.
4.5. Chozungulira cha chingwe cha mota chokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali
Imagwiritsa ntchito mota ya torque yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso odzilamulira okha ngati mphamvu. Liwiro lotulutsa la mota limachepa lokha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu wakunja, ndipo liwiro la chingwe cha reel limasinthidwa lokha kuti likhale lofanana ndi liwiro loyenda la zida; ikatulutsa chingwe, pansi pa mphamvu ya chingwe, mphamvu ya mota ya stall imagonjetsedwa kuti itulutse chingwecho molumikizana; ikayimitsa galimoto ndikuzimitsa, disc brake ya mota ya torque imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka chingwe kuti chitsimikizire kuti chingwecho sichikutsetsereka.
Ubwino: Mota nthawi zonse imakhala ndi magetsi, makina owongolera zamagetsi ndi osavuta, kulephera kwake kungachepe, kusinthasintha kwa ma waya ndi kwakukulu, ndipo ulendo wake ndi wautali.
Zoyipa: Mukatulutsa chingwe, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi mphamvu ya torque ya injini, ndipo zingwe zazing'ono ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: zingwe zazikulu monga zomangira, ogwira ntchito pa milatho kapena ma crane a gantry, ndi zida zoyendera zomwe zimayenda mtunda wautali. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera malo omangira zingwe ndi malo apakati.
4.6. Hysteresis Cable Reel
Disiki yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhazikika cha maginito imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yosinthasintha ya maginito ambiri. Pali diski yamphamvu yolowetsa mphamvu moyang'anizana ndi diski. Mota ikayendetsa diski yolowetsa mphamvu kuti izungulire mofulumira kwambiri, diski ya maginito imayendetsedwa kuti izungulire kudzera mu coupling ya maginito. Ma disk awiriwa akamatsetsereka mwachangu, diski ya maginito ya maginito yambiri imayendetsa maginito ya induction mbali inayo, motero imapanga torque (monga "magnetic coupling") yomwe imakana kutsetsereka uku ndikuyendetsa (kapena mabuleki) diski ya maginito kuti izungulire. Chingwe cholumikizira chimayendetsedwa ndi mota kuti ipereke mphamvu ku hysteresis coupling, ndipo pambuyo pochepetsa mphamvu, torque yowonjezera imatumizidwa ku chingwe cholumikizira. Chingwe cholumikizira chikagwira ntchito, mota nthawi zonse imazungulira molunjika ku chingwe chozungulira. Zipangizo zonyamulira zikachoka pa gwero lamagetsi, chingwe chimakoka chozungulira kuti chibwerere m'mbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma reel awiriwo aterereke ndikutulutsa chingwe pa cholumikizira. Mphamvu ya maginito ya cholumikizira cha hysteresis nthawi zonse imaonetsetsa kuti chingwe chili mu mkhalidwe wopsinjika panthawi yotulutsa chingwe. Zipangizo zonyamulira zikabwerera, mphamvu ya chingwe pa reel imatha, ndipo reel ya chingwe imazungulira mbali yozungulira kuti ikwaniritse momwe chingwecho chimagwirira ntchito.
Ubwino wake ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, kusavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, mphamvu yotulutsa yosinthika malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, ntchito yabwino yodzipangira yokha, palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa mabuleki, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ng'oma ya chingwe. Dongosolo lake lowongolera ndi losavuta ndipo limatha kulumikizidwa ndi makina owongolera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo a chipangizocho. Bola ngati chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito, mota ya ng'oma idzagwira ntchito ndipo gawo la gawo silidzasintha. Pakugwiritsa ntchito ng'oma ya chingwe, cholumikizira cha hysteresis chingasinthe liwiro malinga ndi liwiro loyendetsa la chipangizocho, kotero kuti liwiro la chingwe cha chingwe kuti chibwezeretse ndikutulutsa chingwecho ligwirizane ndi liwiro loyendetsa la chipangizocho.
Vuto lake ndilakuti ngati chingwe chili chachikulu komanso kutalika kwakukulu kwa chosungira, kuti muchepetse kukwera kwa kutentha kwa chosinthira ndikuwonjezera moyo wa chosinthira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kapangidwe ka torque yaying'ono yokhala ndi mitu yambiri, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo.
Ndi yoyenera makina olemera oyenda ndi zida monga ma crane a port gantry, ma crane a container, ma ship loaders, ma tower crane, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera malo omangira ma cable ndi ma midpoints.
4.7. Chozungulira cha chingwe chosinthasintha
Mota ya ma frequency osinthasintha ndi kapangidwe ka B5, kolumikizidwa mwachindunji kumapeto kwa cholowetsa cha reducer. Malekezero amodzi a shaft yotulutsa ya reducer amalumikizidwa ku reel ya chingwe kudzera pa kiyi yolumikizira, ndipo malekezero ena amalumikizidwa ku mphete yamagetsi yolowetsa mu bokosi la collector. Bokosi la reducer ndi bokosi lotumizira mphete ya collector zimakhazikika pamwamba pa maziko. Kabati yowongolera inverter siili pa reel ya chingwe, ndipo malo oyenera oyika amatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Pansi pa vector yotsekedwa (yokhala ndi speed sensor vector control), inverter imasankha njira yowongolera torque yotseguka, ndikuwerengera m'mimba mwake weniweni wa reel ya chingwe kudzera mu kuphatikizana kwa makulidwe kuti iwongolere molondola torque yotulutsa ya mota, potero kuonetsetsa kuti chingwe sichidzayambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa m'mimba mwake wa reel ikalumikizidwa pa reel, ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya chingwe ndi yokhazikika. Reel ya chingwe ili ndi zabwino izi:
(1) Pa nthawi yokonza ndi kumasula chingwe, mosasamala kanthu kuti chipangizocho chikuyenda panjinga, mphamvu yogwira ntchito pa icho nthawi zonse imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo mphamvu ya chingwe ikhoza kusinthidwa mwachisawawa kudzera mu inverter parameter input ndi control box panel knob, zomwe zimateteza chingwecho kwambiri ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chingwecho.
(2) Chozunguliracho chimatha kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwa liwiro la chipangizocho ndipo chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizocho. Kagwiridwe kake kamakhala kolondola komanso kosamala.
(3) Imadutsa m'mphepete mwa kapangidwe ka chitoliro cha chingwe monga mtundu wa hysteresis ndi mtundu wa mota ya torque. Sichimaletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a zitoliro, kutalika kwa kuzunguliza, liwiro la zida ndi kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa. Chitoliro cha chingwe cha vuto lililonse lovuta kugwira ntchito chimayendetsedwa ndi mota ya ma frequency osiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
(4) Imatha kusinthasintha mosavuta ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza ngakhale itakhala ndi katundu wambiri tsiku lonse.
(5) Chozungulira ndi zida zake zimalumikizidwa kuti zitetezeke pa ntchito, zomwe zimaletsa ngozi monga kusweka kwa chingwe.
(6) Mota ya reel imayendetsedwa bwino komanso kutetezedwa ndi chosinthira ma frequency, chomwe chingatalikitse nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.
(7) Chozungulira cha chingwe cha mota chowongolera ma frequency osiyanasiyana chimatha kusintha ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito a mota yosinthasintha ma frequency malinga ndi mphamvu yokhazikika komanso liwiro logwirira ntchito la zida zogwirira ntchito (trolley), ndikugwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro lililonse kuyambira 0 mpaka n (n ndiye liwiro losasinthasintha). Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zikamazima, chozungulira cha mota chowongolera ma frequency osiyanasiyana chimatseka ma brake a chingwe kuti chitsimikizire kuti chingwecho sichikutsetsereka.
Ubwino: imatha kuwongolera mphamvu molondola, kuteteza bwino chingwe, ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya chingwe.
Zoyipa: mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zofanana
Gawo logwiritsira ntchito: ma crane a port gantry, ma crane a container, zonyamulira zombo, ma crane a tower ndi makina ndi zida zina zolemera zoyendera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2025