1. Tanthauzo ndi Mfundo Zazikulu Zaukadaulo za Mabungwe Oyendetsa Mothamanga Kwambiri

Chigwirizano chozungulira cha liwiro lalikulu ndi cholumikizira cha makina cholumikizira ndi kutseka cholondola kwambiri, chomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukwaniritsa kufalitsa kosalekeza kwa media (madzi, gasi, nthunzi, ndi zina zotero) pakati pa zida zozungulira (rotor) ndi mapaipi okhazikika (stator). Ubwino wake waukulu waukadaulo uli mu kukhazikika kwa kutseka ndi kudalirika kwa kufalitsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya liwiro lalikulu. Poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi wamba ozungulira, mayunitsi ozungulira a liwiro lalikulu achita bwino kwambiri pazochitika za liwiro lalikulu, nthawi zambiri amasintha kukhala liwiro la 3000-15000r/min, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri kuposa 20000r/min kudzera mu kapangidwe kapadera ka kapangidwe (monga kukonza bwino kwa dynamic balance ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka).

Mfundo yaikulu yogwirira ntchito imadalira mgwirizano wogwirizana wa dongosolo lopangira zinthu molondola komanso kapangidwe kophatikizana kotseka: mabearing olondola (makamaka mabearing olumikizana ndi mpira wolumikizana mwachangu kwambiri kapena mabearing ozungulira a ceramic) ali ndi udindo wothandizira dongosolo lozungulira la shaft, kuonetsetsa kuti coaxiality ndi ntchito yosalala pa liwiro lalikulu, komanso kuwongolera kuyendayenda kwa radial ≤ 0.02mm; kapangidwe kotseka zinthu kophatikizana (makamaka graphite-silicon carbide mechanical seal, kuphatikiza ndi polytetrafluoroethylene assistant seals) amapanga mawonekedwe okhazikika otseka pakati pa pamwamba pozungulira ndi pamwamba pokhazikika kudzera mu kukakamiza kokhazikika kotseka, kuletsa kutulutsa kwa media, pomwe kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kutsekeka kwa pamwamba potseka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yanthawi yayitali ikuyenda bwino pa liwiro lalikulu.

2. Magawo Ofunikira Ogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Zofunikira Zaukadaulo zaMabungwe Ozungulira Othamanga Kwambiri

Ma union ozungulira othamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo apamwamba a zida zokhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa liwiro, magwiridwe antchito otseka komanso kuyera kwapakati. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwirizana ndi ukadaulo womveka bwino.

2.1 Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo Zamakina

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakina opindika a malo opangira makina othamanga kwambiri komanso ma lathe a CNC. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutumiza madzi ozizira (monga emulsion, mafuta odulira) kapena mpweya wopanikizika kumakina opindika othamanga kwambiri ndi zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zizizire, kuchotsa ma chips ndi mafuta opindika. Izi zimafuna kuti mgwirizano wozungulira ugwirizane ndi liwiro la 8000-12000r/min, ndi kutuluka kwa chisindikizo ≤ 0.1cc/h, ndipo uyenera kukhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa madzi opindika komanso kukana kugwedezeka kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyenda kwa spindle sikukhudza kulondola kwa makina.

2.2 Malo Ogulitsira Makina

Imasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mizere yodzaza mofulumira kwambiri ndi makina ozungulira opakitsira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zinthu zamadzimadzi (monga zakumwa, sosi) kapena zinthu zopumira mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yopakitsira ikupitilizabe komanso kukhazikika. Cholumikizira chozungulira chikufunika kukhala ndi liwiro la 3000-6000r/min, kapangidwe kotseka kopanda ngodya kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa zinyalala zapakati, komanso nthawi yomweyo kusinthana ndi zinthu zotsekera chakudya (monga fluororubber ya chakudya), mogwirizana ndi miyezo yaukhondo ya makina ophikira chakudya.

2.3 Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo Zamagetsi a Mphepo

     Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina owongolera ma phula a mayunitsi opanga mphamvu ya mphepo, omwe ali ndi udindo wotumiza mafuta a hydraulic kapena mafuta, kuwongolera kusintha kwa ngodya ya tsamba, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito bwino pansi pa liwiro losiyana la mphepo. Izi zimafuna kuti cholumikizira chozungulira chizigwirizana ndi liwiro la 5000-8000r/min, chikhale ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika (-40℃ ~ + 80℃) komanso kukana mchenga, kapangidwe kake kotseka kamafunika kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri (≤10MPa), komanso kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito otseka kwa nthawi yayitali kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kukonza.

2.4 Gawo Lopanga Ma Semiconductor

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka wafer, kuyika filimu yopyapyala ndi zida zina. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka zinthu zoyera kwambiri (monga madzi oyera kwambiri, mpweya wapadera). Cholumikizira chozungulira chimayenera kukhala ndi liwiro la 6000-15000r/min, pamwamba pake pamakhala kapangidwe kopanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mulingo wapakati woyeretsa umafika pa Class 10 kuti uteteze zinyalala kuti zisaipitse wafer, komanso imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira za mpweya wapadera (monga hydrogen fluoride, ammonia).

3. Njira Zowonjezerera Moyo wa Utumiki ndi Zofunikira Zosamalira zaMabungwe Ozungulira Othamanga Kwambiri

Moyo wa ntchito ya mayuniyoni ozungulira othamanga kwambiri umadalira kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa malo otsekera, kutayika kwa mabearing ndi kulondola kwa kuyika. Kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa mfundo zitatu zazikulu zosamalira za "ukhondo, mafuta ndi kulumikizana". Mafotokozedwe enieni ndi awa:

3.1 Kulamulira Ukhondo wa Pakati ndi Wachilengedwe

Ukhondo wapakati ndiye chinsinsi chotsimikizira kuti pamwamba pake pali nthawi yogwira ntchito. Fyuluta yolondola (kulondola kwa kusefa ≤5μm) iyenera kuyikidwa kutsogolo kwa payipi yotumizira yapakati kuti tipewe tinthu tolimba ndi zinyalala kulowa mu mawonekedwe otsekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikwingwirima ndi kuwonongeka pamwamba pake; yeretsani nthawi zonse njira yolowera mkati mwa cholumikizira chozungulira kuti mupewe kupangika kwa makristalo ndi kukula kwapakati. Makamaka pazida zotenthetsera kwambiri (monga mafuta otumizira kutentha), ndikofunikira kuzindikira nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kwapakati ndi kuipitsidwa, ndikubwezeretsa pakati pomwe pakhala kuwonongeka. Nthawi yomweyo, pewani kuyika cholumikiziracho ku fumbi ndi mpweya wowononga, ndikuyika chivundikiro choteteza ngati pakufunika kutero.

3.2 Kukonza Mafuta Opaka Pakamwa pa Sayansi

Sankhani mafuta apadera (monga mafuta othamanga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri, kutentha koyenera -20℃ ~ + 150℃) malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ndipo muwonjezere kapena kusintha nthawi zonse. Nthawi yosinthira imasinthidwa malinga ndi liwiro ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ndipo imasinthidwa miyezi 3-6 iliyonse pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino yogwirira ntchito; kuchuluka kwa mafuta kuyenera kulamulidwa pa 1/2-2/3 ya voliyumu ya bearing kuti mupewe kuyika kwa kaboni wotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha jakisoni wambiri kapena kukangana kouma kwa bearing chifukwa cha jakisoni wosakwanira. N'koletsedwa kusintha zinthu zapadera ndi mafuta wamba kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa bearing chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mafuta.

3.3 Kukhazikitsa ndi Kuwongolera Kulondola kwa Kulinganiza

 Pakukhazikitsa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti cholakwika cha coaxiality pakati pa rotary union ndi rotating shaft ndi ≤0.05mm, ndipo mapeto ake ndi ≤0.03mm, kuti tipewe mphamvu yosagwirizana ya bearing komanso kusweka kwachangu kwa malo otsekera chifukwa cha ntchito yosazolowereka; flange yoyikira iyenera kukhala yathyathyathya, ndipo ma bolt omangirira ayenera kukakamizidwa mofanana kuti apewe kusintha kwa majoini; musanayambe ntchito, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso osanyamula katundu, kuyang'ana liwiro, kugwedezeka ndi kutuluka kwa madzi, ndikuyiyika mu ntchito yonyamula katundu pokhapokha mutatsimikizira kuti palibe vuto lililonse. Mukatseka, tikukulimbikitsani kutulutsa madzi mkati mwa medium, makamaka medium yomwe imapangidwa mosavuta komanso yolimba (monga madzi ozizira otsika kutentha), kuti medium isaume ndikuwononga ma seal ndi ma bearing.

3.4 Kuyang'anira Nthawi Zonse ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto a Zolakwika

Dziwani nthawi zonse magawo ogwirira ntchito a rotary union, kuphatikizapo liwiro, kutentha, kugwedezeka ndi kutayikira. Ngati pali kugwedezeka kosazolowereka (kugwedezeka >2.5mm/s), kutayikira kwakukulu kwa chisindikizo kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa pamwamba pa cholumikizira (>80℃), ndikofunikira kuzimitsa kuti muwone nthawi yake; onani nthawi zonse kutayikira kwa zisindikizo. Ngati papezeka mikwingwirima, kuwonongeka kapena kukalamba pamwamba pa chosindikizira, ndikofunikira kusintha chosindikizira cha zomwezo ndi zinthu zomwezo nthawi yake kuti mupewe kukulitsa vuto.

4. Mapeto

Monga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazida zapamwamba, magwiridwe antchito a mayuniyoni ozungulira othamanga kwambiri amakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito, kulondola kwa makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa zidazo. Mwa kufotokoza mfundo zake zazikulu zaukadaulo, zofunikira zaukadaulo zomwe zimasinthidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ndikutsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira pakusamalira za ukhondo, mafuta ndi kulumikizana, moyo wake wautumiki ukhoza kukulitsidwa bwino ndipo mtengo wogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza ukhoza kuchepetsedwa. Muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zenizeni, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu woyenera wa chinthucho malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera (liwiro, pakati, kuthamanga, kutentha) kuti muwonetsetse kuti chikugwira ntchito bwino.