ukadaulo wa Ingiant | watsopano mumakampani | Januware 15, 2025
Mu ntchito zamafakitale ndi zamalonda, ma mota otsetsereka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo bwino komanso mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, kuwerengera mphamvu ya rotor ya mota yotsetsereka si ntchito yophweka, zomwe zimafuna kuti timvetsetse bwino mfundo ndi magawo ena okhudzana nayo. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungawerengere molondola mphamvu ya rotor ya mota yotsetsereka kuti ikuthandizeni kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a mota.
1. Njira zoyambira powerengera mphamvu yamagetsi ya rotor
(I) Dziwani mphamvu yamagetsi yovotera ya mota
Voliyumu yovomerezeka ya mota ndi voliyumu yokhazikika pa kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, komwe kungapezeke mosavuta muzofunikira zaukadaulo za mota. Mtengo uwu ndiye maziko a kuwerengera kotsatira, monga maziko a nyumba yayitali, zomwe zimapereka deta yofunika kwambiri pa njira yonse yowerengera. Mwachitsanzo, mota yopindika mu chipangizo cha mafakitale ili ndi voliyumu yovomerezeka ya 380 V yolembedwa bwino m'buku lake laukadaulo, lomwe ndi poyambira kuwerengera kwathu.
(II) Yesani kukana kwa rotor Pamene mota yasiya kugwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito ohmmeter kuti muyese kukana kwa rotor winding. Kukana kwa rotor ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya rotor, ndipo kulondola kwa mtengo wake kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira zomaliza zowerengera. Tikaganiza kuti kukana kwa rotor komwe tinayesa ndi 0.4Ω, deta iyi idzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwerengera kotsatira.
(III) Kuwerengera voteji ya rotor Volteji ya rotor ingapezeke mwa kuchulukitsa voteji yovomerezeka ya mota ndi kukana kwa rotor. Potengera voteji yovomerezeka ya 380 V ndi kukana kwa rotor ya 0.4Ω yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa monga chitsanzo, voteji ya rotor = 380 V × 0.4 = 152 V.
2. Kusanthula mozama kwa njira yamagetsi ya rotor
(I) Kapangidwe ndi kufunika kwa fomula
Fomula yamagetsi ya rotor ndi mawu a masamu omwe amaganizira zinthu zingapo. Imachokera ku mfundo zoyambira za electromagnetism. Pakati pawo, magetsi a stator, kutsetsereka ndi makhalidwe a ma mota windings ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza. Kumvetsetsa bwino njira imeneyi kumalola mainjiniya kulosera molondola momwe injini imagwirira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya katundu, monga kukhala ndi kiyi yotsegulira chinsinsi cha magwiridwe antchito a injini.
(II) Kuchokera kwa fomula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera Kutengera mfundo za ma electromagnetic
Njira yopezera mphamvu ya rotor voltage ndi yovuta komanso yovuta. Imasonyeza ubale wapakati pa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa mota, ndipo ili ndi kufunika kosasinthika m'munda wa kuwongolera ndi kupanga mota. Mu ntchito zenizeni, mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wowerengera mphamvu ya rotor voltage, mainjiniya amangofunika kuyika magawo ofunikira monga ma frequency amagetsi, kuchuluka kwa ma poles a mota ndi kutsetsereka kuti apeze mwachangu mphamvu yoyenera yamagetsi yofunikira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Izi sizimangowonjezera bwino ntchito, komanso zimawonetsetsa kuti mota imagwira ntchito bwino mkati mwa mulingo woyenera wa magwiridwe antchito.
3. Kuwerengera kwa Rotor current ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito a injini
(I) Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa njira yamagetsi ya rotor
Fomula yake ndi, It=Vt/Zt, pomwe Vt ndi voteji ya rotor ndipo Zt ndi impedance ya rotor. Kuwerengera voteji ya rotor kumaphatikizapo zinthu monga stator voltage ndi slip, zomwe zimafuna akatswiri amagetsi kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma formula awa kuti athe kuwunika bwino momwe injini imagwirira ntchito.
(II) Kufunika kowerengera mphamvu ya rotor
Kuwerengera mphamvu ya rotor ndikofunikira kwa mainjiniya m'njira zambiri. Kumbali imodzi, kumathandiza kuwunika mphamvu yamagetsi ya injini, zomwe zimathandiza mainjiniya kulosera molondola kusintha kwa machitidwe a injini pansi pa ma voltage osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yoyambira injini, poyang'anira kusintha kwa mphamvu ya rotor, mainjiniya amatha kudziwa ngati injini imayamba bwino komanso ngati pali mavuto monga kupitirira muyeso. Kumbali ina, poyang'anira ndi kusanthula mphamvu ya rotor, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuwongolera bwino kwa injini, kupewa mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga kutentha kwambiri kwa injini, kusagwira ntchito bwino kapena kulephera kwa makina, potero kukulitsa moyo wa injini ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
4. Udindo wofunikira wa kutsetsereka pakuwerengera mphamvu ya rotor
(I) Tanthauzo ndi kuwerengera kwa slip
Kutsetsereka kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusiyana kwa liwiro pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira ndi rotor, yomwe imafotokozedwa ngati peresenti ya liwiro logwirizana.Fomula ndi S=(N8-Nt)/Ns, pomwe s ndi kutsetsereka, N8 ndi liwiro logwirizana, ndipo Nt ndi liwiro la rotor.
Mwachitsanzo, muzochitika zinazake zogwirira ntchito ya injini, ngati liwiro logwirizana ndi 1500 rpm ndipo liwiro la rotor ndi 1440 rpm, kutsetserekaS=(1500-1440)/1500=0.04, kotero 4%.
(II) Ubale pakati pa kutsetsereka ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa rotor
Pali ubale wamkati pakati pa kutsetsereka ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa rotor. Nthawi zambiri, rotor imafunika kutsetsereka kwina kuti ipange torque ndikupeza ntchito yabwinobwino ya mota. Komabe, kutsetsereka kwakukulu kumabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa kukana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya makina, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a mota. M'malo mwake, kutsetsereka kochepa kwambiri kungapangitse mota kuyenda pafupi ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito, koma kufooketsa mphamvu yowongolera ya mota ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya torque. Chifukwa chake, popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mota, kuwerengera kolondola kwa kutsetsereka ndi kusintha koyenera kwa magawo ofanana ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino njira ya rotor voltage ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mota ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika pansi pa katundu wosiyanasiyana.
V. Mphamvu ya kukana kwa rotor pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa injini
(I) Mtundu ndi mphamvu ya kukana kwa rotor
Kukana kwa rotor kumatanthauza kukana kwa dera la rotor ku kayendedwe ka mphamvu. Mtengo wake umakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yoyambira, kayendetsedwe ka liwiro komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa injini. Kukana kwa rotor kwambiri kumathandiza kukonza mphamvu yoyambira ya injini ndikulola injini kuyamba bwino ikanyamula katundu wolemera. Komabe, panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino ya injini, kukana kwa rotor kwambiri kumabweretsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya injini.
(II) Fomula yolimbana ndi rotor ndi njira yodziwira zolakwika
Fomula yolimbana ndi rotor (yomwe nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa ngati Rt) imaganizira zinthu monga mawonekedwe a rotor, mawonekedwe a rotor ndi kutentha. Kuwerengera molondola kwa kukana kwa rotor ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito fomula ya voteji ya rotor. Pankhani yozindikira ndi kukonza mota, poyang'anira kusintha kwa kukana kwa rotor, mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga kuwonongeka kosagwirizana, kufupika kwa magetsi kapena kutentha kwambiri amatha kupezeka nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kukana kwa rotor kwapezeka kuti kukuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi, zitha kutanthauza kuti pali kufupika kwa magetsi m'deralo kapena kukhudzana kosayenera mu rotor winding. Ogwira ntchito yokonza amatha kutenga njira zosamalira kuti apewe kulephera kwa mota, kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito ya mota, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kupanga kupitilira komanso kukhazikika.
VI. Zitsanzo za kuwerengera ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito pazochitika zenizeni
(I) Chitsanzo chenicheni cha kuwerengera
Tiyerekeze kuti pali mota yozungulira yokhala ndi voltage ya stator ya 440 V, kukana kwa rotor ya 0.35Ω, ndi kutsika kwa 0.03. Choyamba, malinga ndi fomula ya voltage ya rotor Vt=s*Vs, voltage ya rotor Vt=0.03*440=13.2 V ingapezeke. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ya rotor current It=Vt/Zt (poganiza kuti rotor impedance Zt ndi 0.5Ω), rotor current It=13.2/0.5=26.4 A ikhoza kuwerengedwa.
(II) Maluso ndi njira zodzitetezera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito
Pofuna kutsimikizira kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira za kuwerengera, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwika: Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyezera zolondola kwambiri kuti mupeze magawo a injini. Mwachitsanzo, poyesa kukana kwa rotor ndi ohmmeter, chida chokhala ndi resolution yayikulu komanso cholakwika chaching'ono chiyenera kusankhidwa; chachiwiri, poyika magawo owerengera, onetsetsani kuti mayunitsi a magawowo agwirizana kuti apewe kupotoka mu zotsatira za kuwerengera chifukwa cha zolakwika zosinthira mayunitsi; chachitatu, santhulani pamodzi ndi malo enieni ogwirira ntchito ndi momwe injini imagwirira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, poganizira momwe kutentha kumakhudzira kukana kwa rotor, pamalo otentha kwambiri, kukana kwa rotor kungawonjezere, ndipo zotsatira za kuwerengera ziyenera kukonzedwa moyenera.
Kudzera mu mawu oyamba ofotokoza bwino komanso ozama omwe ali pamwambapa, ndikukhulupirira kuti mukumvetsa bwino njira yowerengera mphamvu ya slip-ring motor rotor voltage komanso kufunika kwake pakukonza magwiridwe antchito a mota. Pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni, kutsatira mosamala njira zowerengera ndikuganizira bwino momwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzira kudzakuthandizani kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ubwino wa slip ring motors, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mafakitale ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira zida.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa powerengera voteji ya rotor ya ma motors otsetsereka?
- a. Kulondola kwa deta
- b. Kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fomula
- c. Zinthu zokhudza chilengedwe ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera
- d. Njira yowerengera ndi zida
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-15-2025